Web Programming Basics

WWW is != internet. Think of internet as the hardware, and WWW as the software which runs on the internet.
URL (Uniform resource locator - specifies the location and protocol for accessing a file on the WWW) is a type of URI (Uniform resource identifier - a unique address of a document on the WWW)
Content on the web: Static/Dynamic content.
Browsers are used to access data on the web
Browser:
- Rendering Engine
- Dynamic engine
The browser uses HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) to transfer documents.
Anatomy of an HTTP Request:
- The request “Verb”: which could either be:
  - GET (retrieve resource)
  - HEAD (retrieve only headers)
  - POST (create resource e.g. form submission).
- Argument parsed into the “verb”
- Protocol
Here’s an example of an HTTP request:

GET /example/file-name.ext HTTP/1.1

Up there, GET is the verb, /example/file-name.ext is the argument, HTTP/1.1 is the protocol.
HTTP Status codes:
- 1XX - information only
- 2XX - success
- 3XX - client redirect
- 4XX - client error
- 5XX - server error
For a HTTP Response there’s a:
- Protocol and Status code.
- Header info
- Blank line
- Response body
HTTP response example:

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
<!--header info goes here-->

<!--response body goes here-->

The next couple of videos and lessons in this course this week goes over stuff I’ve learnt in a previous course – HTML and CSS. New concepts, if encountered, would be outline here though.
To create a responsive webpage, a framework such as bootstrap should be used.
Bootstrap operates on what is known as a grid system.
Including bootstrap in your project simply involves adding a link to the bootstrap CSS file in the <head> section of your HTML page.
Additionally, a ‘mobile-first’ framework can be specified in your document using:

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />